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| 1976 |
| | The Polisario, as a government-in-exile in Algeria, proclaim the independence of Western Sahara as the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic | |
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| 1977 |
| | Steve Biko, founder of Black Consciousness, dies of head wounds received in police custody in Pretoria | |
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| c. 1978 |
| | Shining Path and Tupac Amaru emerge as left-wing guerrilla groups in Peru | |
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| 1978 |
| | Sandinista guerrillas make a surprise attack on the National Palace in Nicaragua, taking more than 1000 people hostage | |
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| 1978 |
| | Demonstrations take place throughout Iran, demanding Islamic rule under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini | |
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| 1979 |
| | Ayatollah Khomeini receives a rapturous welcome on his return to Iran to head the Islamic Revolutionary Committee | |
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| 1979 |
| | Communist measures in Afghanistan provoke a Muslim jihad and the murder of more than 100 Russians in Herat | |
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| 1979 |
| | Opponents of the Sandinistas flee from Nicaragua into Honduras, where they become known as the Contras | |
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| 1979 |
| | Supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini seize the US embassy in Tehran, taking hostage 66 US citizens | |
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| 1981 |
| | Rebels storm the Spanish parliament in Madrid and briefly hold the members hostage, in a military coup that fails | |
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